Eggplant Cultivation in India with Well-Informed Guidelines

Eggplant or brinjal is a significant crop in tropical and subtropical regions. The brinjal is a popular name in the Indian subcontinent and is derived from Sanskrit and Arabic, whereas the “eggplant” name has been derived from a variety of fruit shapes, which resemble in shape to chicken eggs. The eggplant is very important in the warm region of the far east, and also it is grown extensively in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, China and the Philippines. It is also popular in France, Egypt, Italy and the United States. Eggplant is one of the most popular, common and principal vegetable crops that grow throughout the country except at higher altitudes.    

It is also called aubergine in Europe. Eggplant is of great importance in the major regions of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, China and the Philippines. It is also popular in the United States, Egypt, France, and Italy. It is one of the most common, popular, and major vegetable crops in India throughout the country except at high altitudes.

How to start Eggplant Farming 

When you start a plant to plant eggplant, you need to know the various most important sections that will be helpful in profitable commercial farming. We can provide information related to those tractors that are more reliable in eggplant. We can recommend the Mahindra 575 DI tractor, which aids in farming “from tillage to planting”.

Eggplant Varieties in India:

Here you can get the eggplant varieties with complete specifications. 

Pusa Purple Long

This variety is an early maturing and long fruiting variety. The fruits are shiny, light purple, 25-30 cm long, and also smooth and tender. The crop is ready for harvesting in 100 to 110 days. Suitable for spring and autumn planting, the average yield is 27.5 t/ha. It is moderately tolerant of shooting borer and small-leaf disease.

Pusa Purple Cluster

It is a long fruiting variety and is early maturing. The fruits are small, dark purple and produced in clusters. The crop is ready for harvesting 75 days after transplanting. Under natural conditions, this variety is resistant to small leaf disease.

Pusa Kranti

This variety comes with a dwarf and spreading growth habit. The fruits are oblong and stocky rather than slender, with an attractive dark purple colour. Good for both spring and autumn planting in north Indian conditions. The crop matures in 130-150 days and the average yield is 14-16 t/ha.

Arka Navneet

This variety of brinjal is a high yielding hybrid. The fruits are large, oval and oblong with shiny skin of dark purple colour with a weight of 450 g each. Purple flowers with solitary bearing habit and free from bitter principles with very good cooking properties. The crop is ready for harvesting in 150-160 days and the average yield is 65-70 t/ha.

Arka Kusumakar

This type of eggplant has a spreading plant habit with green stems and also with green leaves. Flowers are white green small fruit in clusters—soft texture with good cooking quality. The crop is ready for harvesting in 140-150 days. The average yield is 40 t/ha.

Brinjal production

Climatic Requirement 

Eggplant is a warm-season crop, therefore sensitive to severe frosts. Vegetables got spoil due to low temperatures in cold weather. A long and warm season is desirable for the successful cultivation of brinjal. Short summers and also cold nights are not suitable for satisfactory production. A daily temperature of 13 to 21 °C is most favourable for optimum yield. Eggplant seeds germinate well at 25°C.

Soil Requirement

You can grow the eggplant in all types of soil varying from light sandy to heavy clay. The pH of 6.5-7.5 is well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. Light soils are best for an early yield, while silt loam and clay loam are suitable for higher productivity. 

Soil Preparation 

Since the crop remains on the farm for several months, you should well prepare the soil by ploughing 4-5 times before transplanting. Heavy organic fertilisers such as well-rotted mulch or compost should be incorporated evenly into the soil. Prepare the field well by adding cow dung at 25 tons/ha and spreading 60 cm. Apply 2 kg/ha of Azospirillum and 2 kg/ha of Phosphobacteria mixed with 50 kg of cow dung. Irrigate in trenches and plant 30-35 days old seedlings at a distance of 60 cm on the bunds.

Water requirement of Eggplants

As per the requirement of the crop, it gives water to the field; Timely irrigation is essential for good growth, fruit set, flowering, and fruit development. You can achieve a high yield under optimum moisture levels and soil fertility conditions. In plains, irrigation should be given every third to fourth day in the summer season and every 7 to 12 days in winter. Irrigate before top dressing when there is no rain. For keeping the soil moist during winters, the brinjal field should be irrigated regularly.

When you want to get information about eggplant cultivation, you should also know the equipment that will help to boost the yield. Rotavators, cultivators, tillers and tractors are important in this Cultivation process. However, the tractor is the most pivotal among all the equipment. Hence we recommend the Mahindra Jivo 365 tractor for eggplant farming in India.

For more information regarding Eggplant farming, stay tuned with us.